Difference between revisions of "BCH394P BCH364C 2020"

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== Lectures & Handouts ==
 
== Lectures & Handouts ==
 
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'''Mar 26, 2020 - 3D Protein Structure Modeling'''
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* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zJ8L0GcAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Kevin Drew], formerly of New York University and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/stuctbio_lecture_final2020.pptx Today's slides]
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* The [https://www.rosettacommons.org/software Rosetta] software suite for 3D protein modeling, and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/RosettaOverview.pdf what it can do for you]
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* The [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ Protein Data Bank], [http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/hhpred HHPRED], [https://salilab.org/modeller/ MODELLER], and [http://www.pymol.org/ Pymol]
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'''Mar 24, 2020 - Proteomics'''
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* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=sYCFT1YAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Daniel Boutz], formerly of UCLA and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
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* Reminder: the Center for Biomedical Research Support offers [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/shortcourses.html one-day courses in bioinformatics and biocomputing] in April/May. Topics include Unix, bash, and single cell data analysis.  There is also an Annual (4 day long!) [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/summerschool.html Summer School for Big Data in Biology] offered May 28-31, 2020. Topics there include genome/RNA seq, python, proteomics, machine learning, R, etc.
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'''Apr 28 - May 5, 2020 - Final Project Presentations'''
 
'''Apr 28 - May 5, 2020 - Final Project Presentations'''
 
* Note: There are some great [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html short summer courses in computational biology] being offered at UT. Of particular note, introductions to [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#ngs core NextGen sequencing tools] and [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#rna RNA-seq], also machine learning & proteomics.
 
* Note: There are some great [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html short summer courses in computational biology] being offered at UT. Of particular note, introductions to [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#ngs core NextGen sequencing tools] and [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#rna RNA-seq], also machine learning & proteomics.
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** Links to various applications of t-SNE: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding 1], [http://lvdmaaten.github.io/tsne/ 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJVL80Gg3lA 3], [http://distill.pub/2016/misread-tsne/ 4]. You can run t-SNE on the [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ following web site].  
 
** Links to various applications of t-SNE: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding 1], [http://lvdmaaten.github.io/tsne/ 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJVL80Gg3lA 3], [http://distill.pub/2016/misread-tsne/ 4]. You can run t-SNE on the [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ following web site].  
  
 
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'''Mar 31, 2020 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I'''
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'''Apr 2, 2020 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I'''
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P_364C_LargeScaleExperiments_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P_364C_LargeScaleExperiments_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis Clustering]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis Clustering]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-Seq RNA-Seq]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-Seq RNA-Seq]
  
[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/ProblemSet3_2020.pdf '''Problem Set 3], due before midnight Apr. 9, 2020'''.  You will need the following software and datasets:<br>
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[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/ProblemSet3_2020.pdf '''Problem Set 3], due before midnight Apr. 13, 2020'''.  You will need the following software and datasets:<br>
 
* The clustering software is available [https://software.broadinstitute.org/morpheus/ here]. There is an alternative package [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/software.htm here] that you can download and install on your local computer if you prefer.<br>  
 
* The clustering software is available [https://software.broadinstitute.org/morpheus/ here]. There is an alternative package [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/software.htm here] that you can download and install on your local computer if you prefer.<br>  
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/yeast_aaseqs Yeast protein sequences]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/yeast_aaseqs Yeast protein sequences]
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'''Mar 26, 2020 - 3D Protein Structure Modeling'''
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'''Mar 31, 2020 - Motifs'''
* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zJ8L0GcAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Kevin Drew], formerly of New York University and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
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* I hope that you're all safe & healthy, under the circumstances, and will be able to join class by zoom today. You should have received a zoom invitation by Canvas and email for class today, regular time. Your TA will record the class & we'll post it later to the Canvas in case you need to go back to it (or miss it). Slides will be from the Mar 12 posting below.
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/stuctbio_lecture_final2020.pptx Today's slides]
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* Rosalind is reactivated for those of you who didn't finish yet.
* The [https://www.rosettacommons.org/software Rosetta] software suite for 3D protein modeling, and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/RosettaOverview.pdf what it can do for you]
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* Please send project write-ups ASAP. Besides problem set #3 (to be assigned next lecture), this project will be your major course grade, so it's important to nail down the subject now. This write-up is 5 points out of the 25 points assigned to the project.
* The [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ Protein Data Bank], [http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/hhpred HHPRED], [https://salilab.org/modeller/ MODELLER], and [http://www.pymol.org/ Pymol]
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'''Mar 24, 2020 - Proteomics'''
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'''Mar 26, 2020 Heads Up'''
* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=sYCFT1YAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Daniel Boutz], formerly of UCLA and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
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* Just some info to get organized for the upcoming restart of class. We'll use the plan we worked out in the last class, at least at first to see how it goes. (We will obviously have to be a bit flexible here!) The plan is to hold lectures by Zoom during the normally scheduled class time. We'll be trying to record the lectures & post the recordings afterward on Canvas so any of you who might be in other timezones or otherwise be unable to make class will have the opportunity to watch them. As always, slides will be posted before class so you can follow along with the material. The Mar 31 lecture will cover the motif-finding lecture we skipped on Mar 12 in favor of the COVID19 response modeling (rather more important at the time!). We will be flexible on deadlines under the circumstances, but do please try to wrap up Rosalind and think about a project, which obviously needs to be one that can be done from available online resources.
* Reminder: the Center for Biomedical Research Support offers [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/shortcourses.html one-day courses in bioinformatics and biocomputing] in April/May. Topics include Unix, bash, and single cell data analysis. There is also an Annual (4 day long!) [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/summerschool.html Summer School for Big Data in Biology] offered May 28-31, 2020. Topics there include genome/RNA seq, python, proteomics, machine learning, R, etc.
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* We will email the class zoom link to everyone registered in Canvas. If you're auditing & you didn't get it, drop the TA an email & we will send to you too.
  
  
'''Mar 17-19, 2020 - SPRING BREAK'''
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'''Mar 17-26, 2020 - SPRING BREAK'''
* Don't forget to finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project by March 23th.
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* Don't forget to finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project by "March 30th".  Under the circumstances, we're going to suspend late penalties, but do please make a good effort, where possible, to get it in on time.  Also, FYI, I updated the Rosalind problem set as noted below (March 10).
  
  
 
'''Mar 12, 2020 - Motifs'''
 
'''Mar 12, 2020 - Motifs'''
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* News of the day, COVID-19: This is a [https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca detailed writeup] from a data modeler trying to make some scaling arguments on the virus spread and how many cases are undiagnosed in the US and elsewhere. The key point is that early interventions in "social distancing" (including closing schools, etc) have a disproportionate impact down the line, as you would expect on any exponential process. The virus is a near-perfect exponential fit right now.  [https://twitter.com/MarkJHandley/status/1237119688578138112 Here's the plot] from a few days ago (note the log scale y axis).
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* The [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Johns Hopkins Univ Coronavirus Map] is a phenomenal example of bio data sciences in a crisis.
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* In light of COVID-19 preparations, I'm going to suspend late penalties for the remainder of the semester.  We'll talk in class about the likely transitioning online after our now 2-week spring break, but stay tuned to this page for continuing updates.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C_Motifs_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C_Motifs_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
* '''Due March 23 by email''' - One to two (full) paragraphs describing your plans for a final project, along with the names of your collaborators.  This assignment (planning out your project) will account for 5 points out of your 25 total points for your course project. Here are a few examples of final projects from previous years: [http://sites.google.com/site/ch391fall08finaloconnellwang/?pageDeleted=%2Fa-monte-carlo-simulation-of-protein-polymerization-in-budding-yeast 1], [http://sites.google.com/site/polyomamirnatargeting/ 2], [http://sites.google.com/site/pathtarandmore/ 3], [http://sites.google.com/site/zlutexas/Home/project-for-ch391l 4], [https://sites.google.com/site/structureandevolutionofaprd4/home 5] [https://sites.google.com/site/modelingpyrosequencingerror/ 6]  [https://sites.google.com/site/bioinformaticsch391lproject/ 7] [https://sites.google.com/site/emilo83/home 8] [https://sites.google.com/site/ch391lchipseq/ 9] [https://sites.google.com/site/arabmybgrant/ 10] [https://sites.google.com/site/biogridviewer/home 11] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/immunoglobulin-team/home 12] [https://metabolicnetworkpathways.wordpress.com/ 13] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/quantum-tunneling-on-enzymatic-kinetics/home 14]<br>  
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* '''Due March 30 by email''' - One to two (full) paragraphs describing your plans for a final project, along with the names of your collaborators.  This assignment (planning out your project) will account for 5 points out of your 25 total points for your course project. Here are a few examples of final projects from previous years: [http://sites.google.com/site/ch391fall08finaloconnellwang/?pageDeleted=%2Fa-monte-carlo-simulation-of-protein-polymerization-in-budding-yeast 1], [http://sites.google.com/site/polyomamirnatargeting/ 2], [http://sites.google.com/site/pathtarandmore/ 3], [http://sites.google.com/site/zlutexas/Home/project-for-ch391l 4], [https://sites.google.com/site/structureandevolutionofaprd4/home 5] [https://sites.google.com/site/modelingpyrosequencingerror/ 6]  [https://sites.google.com/site/bioinformaticsch391lproject/ 7] [https://sites.google.com/site/emilo83/home 8] [https://sites.google.com/site/ch391lchipseq/ 9] [https://sites.google.com/site/arabmybgrant/ 10] [https://sites.google.com/site/biogridviewer/home 11] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/immunoglobulin-team/home 12] [https://metabolicnetworkpathways.wordpress.com/ 13] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/quantum-tunneling-on-enzymatic-kinetics/home 14]<br>  
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/nbt0406-423-primer-whataremotifs.pdf NBT Primer - What are motifs?]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/nbt0406-423-primer-whataremotifs.pdf NBT Primer - What are motifs?]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/nbt0806-959-primer-howdoesmotifdiscoverywork.pdf NBT Primer - How does motif discovery work?]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/nbt0806-959-primer-howdoesmotifdiscoverywork.pdf NBT Primer - How does motif discovery work?]
 
* [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1L1M The biochemical basis of a particular motif]
 
* [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1L1M The biochemical basis of a particular motif]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/GibbsSampling.pdf Gibbs Sampling]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/GibbsSampling.pdf Gibbs Sampling]
* FYI, we stopped last class's nanopore sequencing run pretty soon after class ended. Even in that relatively short time (<30 min), our longest read (sequencing randomly shorter DNA fragments from a 40kb phage genome) was >20 kb.
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* FYI, last class's nanopore sequencing run (+ the test run on the same pore) gave ~500Mb sequencing, now low by nanopore standards, but still respectable, with the longest reads >30kb.
  
  
 
'''Mar 10, 2020 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore'''
 
'''Mar 10, 2020 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore'''
* Homework #3 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM March 23'''.
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* Homework #3 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM <s>March 23</s>, extended to March 30'''.  Also, note that one of the original problems assigned using the Uniprot database appears to be broken in Rosalind, so I've substituted a problem using the Meme motif finding site. In the past, we've run into problems with Rosalind timing out before Meme completes (although it just performed fine in tests in I ran), so be warned you may have to try it a couple of times.
 
* We're going to be live-demoing a nanopore single molecule DNA sequencer in class, assuming all goes well. Specifically, we'll be using an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGWZvHIi3i0 Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer], which differs substantially from these major alternatives:
 
* We're going to be live-demoing a nanopore single molecule DNA sequencer in class, assuming all goes well. Specifically, we'll be using an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGWZvHIi3i0 Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer], which differs substantially from these major alternatives:
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCd6B5HRaZ8 Youtube video] of Illumina/Solexa Sequencing by Synthesis
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCd6B5HRaZ8 Youtube video] of Illumina/Solexa Sequencing by Synthesis
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'''Mar 5, 2020 - Genomes II'''<br>
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'''Mar 5, 2020 - Guest Lecture: [https://sites.cns.utexas.edu/cbrs/bioinformatics/staff Anna Battenhouse], NGS Analysis Best Practices'''<br>
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 27. Note that we give short shrift to read mapping/alignment algorithms, of which there are now [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequence_alignment_software#Short-Read_Sequence_Alignment a very long list]. Here's an interesting discussion by Lior Pachter of the [https://liorpachter.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/what-is-a-read-mapping/ major developments in that field.]
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* Practical advice and best practices for NGS mapping and analysis
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/2020-03-NGS_IntroForEdM.pdf Today's slides]
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'''Mar 3, 2020 - Genomes II'''<br>
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* We had to swap the guest lecture to Thursday, so today we're finishing up the slides from Feb. 27. Note that we give short shrift to read mapping/alignment algorithms, of which there are now [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequence_alignment_software#Short-Read_Sequence_Alignment a very long list]. Here's an interesting discussion by Lior Pachter of the [https://liorpachter.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/what-is-a-read-mapping/ major developments in that field.]
 
* Here is [http://blog.thegrandlocus.com/2016/07/a-tutorial-on-burrows-wheeler-indexing-methods an excellent explanation of how the BWT relates to a suffix tree and enables fast read mapping to a genome]
 
* Here is [http://blog.thegrandlocus.com/2016/07/a-tutorial-on-burrows-wheeler-indexing-methods an excellent explanation of how the BWT relates to a suffix tree and enables fast read mapping to a genome]
 
* If you want a more detailed explanation, the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BWApaper.pdf BWA paper] more formally describes how the Burrows–Wheeler transform can be used to construct an index.
 
* If you want a more detailed explanation, the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BWApaper.pdf BWA paper] more formally describes how the Burrows–Wheeler transform can be used to construct an index.
 
* & here are two more examples of using the BWT for indexing: [http://blog.avadis-ngs.com/2012/04/elegant-exact-string-match-using-bwt-2/ 1] [http://www.di.unipi.it/~ferragin/Libraries/fmindexV2/index.html 2]
 
* & here are two more examples of using the BWT for indexing: [http://blog.avadis-ngs.com/2012/04/elegant-exact-string-match-using-bwt-2/ 1] [http://www.di.unipi.it/~ferragin/Libraries/fmindexV2/index.html 2]
* Plus:  [https://www.slideshare.net/AdamPhillippy/telomeretotelomere-assembly-of-a-complete-human-x-chromosome "I have some troubling news...the human reference genome is incomplete"], breaking prepublication results on the telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome from Karen Miga and Adam Phillippy, presented at the AGBT 2019 conference last week.
 
 
 
'''Mar 3, 2020 - Guest Lecture: [https://sites.cns.utexas.edu/cbrs/bioinformatics/staff Anna Battenhouse], NGS Analysis Best Practices'''<br>
 
* Practical advice and best practices for NGS mapping and analysis
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/2020-03-NGS_IntroForEdM.pdf Today's slides]
 
  
  
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-GenomeAssembly_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-GenomeAssembly_Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]
 
* A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is '''due by 11:59PM March 4'''<br>
 
* A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is '''due by 11:59PM March 4'''<br>
* Also, next Tuesday will be the first of our guest lecturers, [https://sites.cns.utexas.edu/cbrs/bioinformatics/staff Anna Battenhouse], on practical aspects of genome sequencing/assembly
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* Also, next Tuesday will be the first of our guest lecturers, [https://research.utexas.edu/cbrs/cores/cbb/staff/ Anna Battenhouse], on practical aspects of genome sequencing/assembly
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/DeBruijnPrimer.pdf DeBruijn Primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/DeBruijnSupplement.pdf Supplement]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/DeBruijnPrimer.pdf DeBruijn Primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/DeBruijnSupplement.pdf Supplement]
 
* If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some [http://www.marcottelab.org/images/5/5a/Annotated_peptides.txt example yeast protein sequences].
 
* If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some [http://www.marcottelab.org/images/5/5a/Annotated_peptides.txt example yeast protein sequences].
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'''Feb 25, 2020 - Gene finding II'''
 
'''Feb 25, 2020 - Gene finding II'''
 
* We're finishing up the slides from last time.
 
* We're finishing up the slides from last time.
* Peer-led open coding hour has been resurrected!  Wed 12:30-1:30 in the MBB 2nd floor student lounge (the newly revamped eating space)
 
  
  
 
'''Feb 20, 2020 - Gene finding'''
 
'''Feb 20, 2020 - Gene finding'''
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* Science news of the day: Kudos to the McLellan lab for solving the coronavirus spike protein 3D structure in 12 days (!), with a paper in the bioRxiv and now [https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/02/19/science.abb2507 Science] in record-breaking time
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* [https://research.utexas.edu/cbrs/classes/short-courses/spring-2020/ Short classes at UT] in genome sequencing, proteomics, and bioinformatics
 
* We'll finish HMM slides from last time, then start [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-GeneFinding-Spring2020.pdf today's slides on gene finding]
 
* We'll finish HMM slides from last time, then start [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-GeneFinding-Spring2020.pdf today's slides on gene finding]
* Some science news of the day:  [https://amp.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/07/26/python-is-becoming-the-worlds-most-popular-coding-language "In the past 12 months Americans have searched for Python on Google more often than for Kim Kardashian"]
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* [https://amp.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/07/26/python-is-becoming-the-worlds-most-popular-coding-language "In the past 12 months Americans have searched for Python on Google more often than for Kim Kardashian"]
* For a few more examples of HMMs in action, here's the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/MinionHumanGenome.pdf recent paper on sequencing the human genome by nanopore], which used HMMs in 3-4 different ways for polishing, contig inspection, repeat analysis and 5-methylcytosine detection.
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* For a few more examples of HMMs in action, here's a [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/MinionHumanGenome.pdf paper on sequencing the human genome by nanopore], which used HMMs in 3-4 different ways for polishing, contig inspection, repeat analysis and 5-methylcytosine detection.
 
* [http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr11%3A61755389-61788517&hgsid=477602291_ccTRfcOcZIQHnMkBKGzbQLBRc6HL The UCSC genome browser]
 
* [http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr11%3A61755389-61788517&hgsid=477602291_ccTRfcOcZIQHnMkBKGzbQLBRc6HL The UCSC genome browser]
'''Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 6, 2020''':<br>
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'''Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 4, 2020''':<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C_ProblemSet2_Spring2020.pdf '''Problem Set 2'''].   
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C_ProblemSet2_Spring2020.pdf '''Problem Set 2'''].   
 
* You'll need these 3 files: [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/state_sequences State sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/soluble_sequences Soluble sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/transmembrane_sequences Transmembrane sequences]
 
* You'll need these 3 files: [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/state_sequences State sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/soluble_sequences Soluble sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/transmembrane_sequences Transmembrane sequences]
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'''Feb 13, 2020 - Hidden Markov Models'''
 
'''Feb 13, 2020 - Hidden Markov Models'''
* Happy Valentine's Day!
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* Happy Day-Before-Valentine's Day!
 
* Don't forget: Rosalind Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) is due '''by 11:59PM February 19'''.
 
* Don't forget: Rosalind Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) is due '''by 11:59PM February 19'''.
* [https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/ Modern Statistic for Modern Biology], by Susan Holmes and Wolfgang Huber, discussed last time. It's currently available online and due to be [https://www.amazon.com/Modern-Statistics-Biology-Susan-Holmes/dp/1108705294/ released on dead tree in the US in April]. (FYI, all code is in R.)
+
* More stats for comp biologists worth checking out:  [https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/ Modern Statistic for Modern Biology], by Susan Holmes and Wolfgang Huber. It's currently available online and [https://www.amazon.com/Modern-Statistics-Biology-Susan-Holmes/dp/1108705294/ available on dead tree]. (FYI, all code is in R.)
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-HMMs-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-HMMs-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
Reading:<br>
 
Reading:<br>
Line 212: Line 227:
 
'''Feb 11, 2020 - Biological databases'''
 
'''Feb 11, 2020 - Biological databases'''
 
* Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM February 19'''.
 
* Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM February 19'''.
* Science news of the day: [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/gum-disease-causing-bacteria-could-spur-alzheimer-s Does gum disease cause Alzheimer's?]
 
 
* Just a note that we'll be seeing ever more statistics as go on. Here's a [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/StatisticsPrimer.pdf good primer] from [http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/meyers/LaurenM/index.html Prof. Lauren Myers] to refresh/explain basic concepts.
 
* Just a note that we'll be seeing ever more statistics as go on. Here's a [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/StatisticsPrimer.pdf good primer] from [http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/meyers/LaurenM/index.html Prof. Lauren Myers] to refresh/explain basic concepts.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-BiologicalDatabases-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-BiologicalDatabases-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
Line 218: Line 232:
  
 
'''Feb 6, 2020 - BLAST'''
 
'''Feb 6, 2020 - BLAST'''
* Science news of the day: Yet more [http://dev.biologists.org/content/146/3/dev175778 CRISPR] [https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/31/crispr-babies-michael-deem-rice-he-jiankui/ baby] [https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612892/crispr-baby-stanford-investigation/ news]!
 
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-BLAST-Spring2020.pdf Our slides today] are modified from a paper on [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001014 Teaching BLAST] by Cheryl Kerfeld & Kathleen Scott.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-BLAST-Spring2020.pdf Our slides today] are modified from a paper on [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001014 Teaching BLAST] by Cheryl Kerfeld & Kathleen Scott.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BLAST.pdf The original BLAST paper]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BLAST.pdf The original BLAST paper]
Line 225: Line 238:
  
 
'''Feb 4, 2020 - Sequence Alignment II'''
 
'''Feb 4, 2020 - Sequence Alignment II'''
 +
* Science news of the day:  [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH364C-394P-Spring2020-WuhanCoronavirus.pptx Wuhan coronavirus, DNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and bioRxiv!]. The genome papers have already been published at Nature [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 1] [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 2]! For the record, I consider this a huge win for biology, medicine, and the new trend in bio publishing of depositing preprints + public discussion/pre-publication peer review, often well in advance (but not this time!) of the more traditional peer review & publication at a journal.
 
* We're finishing up the slides from last time.  
 
* We're finishing up the slides from last time.  
* Science-ish news of the day: [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/02/choose-your-champion-year-s-dance-your-phd-contest The Dance Your Ph.D. contest is on!]
 
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/FactAndFictionInAlignment.png Fact and Fiction in Sequence Alignments]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/FactAndFictionInAlignment.png Fact and Fiction in Sequence Alignments]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/NBTPrimer-DynamicProgramming.pdf Dynamic programming primer]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/NBTPrimer-DynamicProgramming.pdf Dynamic programming primer]
Line 234: Line 247:
  
 
'''Jan 30, 2020 - Sequence Alignment I'''
 
'''Jan 30, 2020 - Sequence Alignment I'''
* For those of you who might be interested, Rosalind is having a [http://bioinf.me/contest Bioinformatics Contest].  Sign up runs until Feb. 2, the qualification round is Feb. 2-10, and Feb. 23 is the final round, with 24 hours to solve as many problems as you can. First prize in 2019 is to get your genome (exome) sequenced or get your own nanopore sequencer!
 
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH364C-394P-Spring2020-SequenceAlignment.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH364C-394P-Spring2020-SequenceAlignment.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 10, 2020:<br>
 
Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 10, 2020:<br>
Line 243: Line 255:
 
* '''*** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET ***'''  If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts '''non-overlapping''' instances, not '''overlapping''' instances.  So, ''AAAA'' is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides.  You want '''overlapping''' dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.
 
* '''*** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET ***'''  If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts '''non-overlapping''' instances, not '''overlapping''' instances.  So, ''AAAA'' is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides.  You want '''overlapping''' dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.
  
* For those of you who could use more tips on programming, there's a peer-led open coding hour happening on Tuesdays 3-4pm in MBB 2.232 (2nd floor lounge). It's a very informal setting where you can ask questions of more experienced programmers.
+
* For those of you who could use more tips on programming, there's a weekly peer-led open coding hour happening on Wednesday 12:30-1:30pm in MBB 2.232 (2nd floor lounge). It's a very informal setting where you can work and ask questions of more experienced programmers.
  
 
Reading:<br>
 
Reading:<br>
Line 254: Line 266:
 
'''Jan 28, 2020 - Intro to Python #2'''
 
'''Jan 28, 2020 - Intro to Python #2'''
 
* We'll be finishing Python slides from last time, plus Rosalind help & programming Q/A, maybe a glimpse of next lecture.
 
* We'll be finishing Python slides from last time, plus Rosalind help & programming Q/A, maybe a glimpse of next lecture.
* Science news of the day: [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208425 A 500 year experiment], with a [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/500-year-long-science-experiment/581155/ nice commentary in The Atlantic]
 
 
* [http://www.scipy-lectures.org/packages/statistics/index.html Statistics in Python]
 
* [http://www.scipy-lectures.org/packages/statistics/index.html Statistics in Python]
  
  
 
'''Jan 23, 2020 - Intro to Python'''
 
'''Jan 23, 2020 - Intro to Python'''
 +
* Recommended seminar! [http://eisenlab.org/ Mike Eisen (UC Berkeley)] will be [https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/psychology/events/neuroscience-dr-michael-eisen-model-zombies-robust-behavior-manipulation-of-lab-reared-drosophila-melanogaster-by-the-fungal-pathogen-entomophthora speaking Monday Jan 27, 3PM, NHB 1.720]
 
* REMINDER:  My email inbox is always fairly backlogged (e.g., my median time between non-spam emails was 11 minutes when I measured it some time ago, and it's gotten much worse since then), so please copy the TA on any emails to me to make sure they get taken care of.
 
* REMINDER:  My email inbox is always fairly backlogged (e.g., my median time between non-spam emails was 11 minutes when I measured it some time ago, and it's gotten much worse since then), so please copy the TA on any emails to me to make sure they get taken care of.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-PythonPrimer-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-PythonPrimer-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
Line 265: Line 277:
 
* [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2015/05/09/2015-survey-results/ Python 2 vs 3?]. We'll use Python 3 (the latest version is 3.8), but Rosalind and some materials are only available in Python 2.7, so we'll generally try to be version agnostic for compatibility. Use whichever you wish, but be aware that support for Python 2.7 has officially been stopped. For beginners, the [http://www.practicepython.org/blog/2017/02/09/python2-and-3.html differences are quite minimal] and are [https://www.guru99.com/python-2-vs-python-3.html summarized in a table here].  There's also a great [https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html cheat sheet here] for writing code compatable with both versions.
 
* [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2015/05/09/2015-survey-results/ Python 2 vs 3?]. We'll use Python 3 (the latest version is 3.8), but Rosalind and some materials are only available in Python 2.7, so we'll generally try to be version agnostic for compatibility. Use whichever you wish, but be aware that support for Python 2.7 has officially been stopped. For beginners, the [http://www.practicepython.org/blog/2017/02/09/python2-and-3.html differences are quite minimal] and are [https://www.guru99.com/python-2-vs-python-3.html summarized in a table here].  There's also a great [https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html cheat sheet here] for writing code compatable with both versions.
  
-->
+
 
 
'''Jan 21, 2020 - Introduction'''
 
'''Jan 21, 2020 - Introduction'''
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-IntroAndRosalind-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2020/BCH394P-364C-IntroAndRosalind-Spring2020.pdf Today's slides]<br>

Revision as of 09:08, 2 April 2020

BCH394P/BCH364C Systems Biology & Bioinformatics

Course unique #: 53545/53436
Lectures: Tues/Thurs 11 – 12:30 PM in JGB 2.202
Instructor: Edward Marcotte, marcotte @ icmb.utexas.edu

  • Office hours: Wed 11 AM – 12 noon in MBB 3.148BA

TA: Brendan Floyd, bmfloyd @ utexas.edu

  • TA Office hours: Mon 1-2/Fri 1:30-2:30 in NHB 3.400B atrium (or MBB 3.128B) Phone: 512-232-3919

Lectures & Handouts

Apr 2, 2020 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I

Problem Set 3, due before midnight Apr. 13, 2020. You will need the following software and datasets:


Mar 31, 2020 - Motifs

  • I hope that you're all safe & healthy, under the circumstances, and will be able to join class by zoom today. You should have received a zoom invitation by Canvas and email for class today, regular time. Your TA will record the class & we'll post it later to the Canvas in case you need to go back to it (or miss it). Slides will be from the Mar 12 posting below.
  • Rosalind is reactivated for those of you who didn't finish yet.
  • Please send project write-ups ASAP. Besides problem set #3 (to be assigned next lecture), this project will be your major course grade, so it's important to nail down the subject now. This write-up is 5 points out of the 25 points assigned to the project.


Mar 26, 2020 Heads Up

  • Just some info to get organized for the upcoming restart of class. We'll use the plan we worked out in the last class, at least at first to see how it goes. (We will obviously have to be a bit flexible here!) The plan is to hold lectures by Zoom during the normally scheduled class time. We'll be trying to record the lectures & post the recordings afterward on Canvas so any of you who might be in other timezones or otherwise be unable to make class will have the opportunity to watch them. As always, slides will be posted before class so you can follow along with the material. The Mar 31 lecture will cover the motif-finding lecture we skipped on Mar 12 in favor of the COVID19 response modeling (rather more important at the time!). We will be flexible on deadlines under the circumstances, but do please try to wrap up Rosalind and think about a project, which obviously needs to be one that can be done from available online resources.
  • We will email the class zoom link to everyone registered in Canvas. If you're auditing & you didn't get it, drop the TA an email & we will send to you too.


Mar 17-26, 2020 - SPRING BREAK

  • Don't forget to finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project by "March 30th". Under the circumstances, we're going to suspend late penalties, but do please make a good effort, where possible, to get it in on time. Also, FYI, I updated the Rosalind problem set as noted below (March 10).


Mar 12, 2020 - Motifs

  • News of the day, COVID-19: This is a detailed writeup from a data modeler trying to make some scaling arguments on the virus spread and how many cases are undiagnosed in the US and elsewhere. The key point is that early interventions in "social distancing" (including closing schools, etc) have a disproportionate impact down the line, as you would expect on any exponential process. The virus is a near-perfect exponential fit right now. Here's the plot from a few days ago (note the log scale y axis).
  • The Johns Hopkins Univ Coronavirus Map is a phenomenal example of bio data sciences in a crisis.
  • In light of COVID-19 preparations, I'm going to suspend late penalties for the remainder of the semester. We'll talk in class about the likely transitioning online after our now 2-week spring break, but stay tuned to this page for continuing updates.
  • Today's slides
  • Due March 30 by email - One to two (full) paragraphs describing your plans for a final project, along with the names of your collaborators. This assignment (planning out your project) will account for 5 points out of your 25 total points for your course project. Here are a few examples of final projects from previous years: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
  • NBT Primer - What are motifs?
  • NBT Primer - How does motif discovery work?
  • The biochemical basis of a particular motif
  • Gibbs Sampling
  • FYI, last class's nanopore sequencing run (+ the test run on the same pore) gave ~500Mb sequencing, now low by nanopore standards, but still respectable, with the longest reads >30kb.


Mar 10, 2020 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore

  • Homework #3 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is due by 11:59PM March 23, extended to March 30. Also, note that one of the original problems assigned using the Uniprot database appears to be broken in Rosalind, so I've substituted a problem using the Meme motif finding site. In the past, we've run into problems with Rosalind timing out before Meme completes (although it just performed fine in tests in I ran), so be warned you may have to try it a couple of times.
  • We're going to be live-demoing a nanopore single molecule DNA sequencer in class, assuming all goes well. Specifically, we'll be using an Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer, which differs substantially from these major alternatives:
  • Youtube video of Illumina/Solexa Sequencing by Synthesis
  • Youtube video of Pacific Biosciences single molecule sequencing by synthesis in zero mode waveguides
  • Here's Oxford nanopore's own videos explaining the tech. DNA sequences are collected first as electrical traces. A big breakthrough was learning to convert these traces to DNA nucleotide sequences using hidden Markov model based algorithms very similar in spirit to those we've already talked about in class (e.g., as in this open source HMM-based nanopore base-caller). The latest base-callers are moving towards neural network algorithms.


Mar 5, 2020 - Guest Lecture: Anna Battenhouse, NGS Analysis Best Practices

  • Practical advice and best practices for NGS mapping and analysis
  • Today's slides


Mar 3, 2020 - Genomes II


Feb 27, 2020 - Genome Assembly

  • Today's slides
  • A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is due by 11:59PM March 4
  • Also, next Tuesday will be the first of our guest lecturers, Anna Battenhouse, on practical aspects of genome sequencing/assembly
  • DeBruijn Primer and Supplement
  • If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some example yeast protein sequences.
  • From last time, some definitions of sensitivity/specificity & precision/recall. Note that the gene finding community settled early on to a different definition of specificity that corresponds to the precision or PPV in other fields. Other fields define specificity as the true negative rate.


Feb 25, 2020 - Gene finding II

  • We're finishing up the slides from last time.


Feb 20, 2020 - Gene finding

Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 4, 2020:

Reading (a couple of old classics + a review):


Feb 18, 2020 - HMMs II


Feb 13, 2020 - Hidden Markov Models

  • Happy Day-Before-Valentine's Day!
  • Don't forget: Rosalind Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) is due by 11:59PM February 19.
  • More stats for comp biologists worth checking out: Modern Statistic for Modern Biology, by Susan Holmes and Wolfgang Huber. It's currently available online and available on dead tree. (FYI, all code is in R.)
  • Today's slides

Reading:


Feb 11, 2020 - Biological databases

  • Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is due by 11:59PM February 19.
  • Just a note that we'll be seeing ever more statistics as go on. Here's a good primer from Prof. Lauren Myers to refresh/explain basic concepts.
  • Today's slides


Feb 6, 2020 - BLAST


Feb 4, 2020 - Sequence Alignment II


Jan 30, 2020 - Sequence Alignment I

Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 10, 2020:

  • Problem Set 1
  • H. influenzae genome. Haemophilus influenza was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced. NOTE: there are some additional characters in this file from ambiguous sequence calls. For simplicity's sake, when calculating your nucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies, you can just ignore anything other than A, C, T, and G.
  • T. aquaticus genome. Thermus aquaticus helped spawn the genomic revolution as the source of heat-stable Taq polymerase for PCR.
  • 3 mystery genes (for Problem 5): MysteryGene1, MysteryGene2, MysteryGene3
  • *** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET *** If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts non-overlapping instances, not overlapping instances. So, AAAA is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides. You want overlapping dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.
  • For those of you who could use more tips on programming, there's a weekly peer-led open coding hour happening on Wednesday 12:30-1:30pm in MBB 2.232 (2nd floor lounge). It's a very informal setting where you can work and ask questions of more experienced programmers.

Reading:


Jan 28, 2020 - Intro to Python #2

  • We'll be finishing Python slides from last time, plus Rosalind help & programming Q/A, maybe a glimpse of next lecture.
  • Statistics in Python


Jan 23, 2020 - Intro to Python


Jan 21, 2020 - Introduction

  • Today's slides
  • Some warm-up videos to get you started on Python (2 not 3, unless you pay for an upgrade): Code Academy's Python coding for beginners
  • Khan Academy has archived their videos on Python here
  • We'll be conducting homework using the online environment Rosalind. Go ahead and register on the site, and enroll specifically for BCH394P/364C (Spring 2020) Systems Biology/Bioinformatics using this link. Homework #1 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has already been assigned on Rosalind and is due by 11:59PM January 30.
  • A useful online resource if you get bogged down: Python for Biologists. (& just a heads-up that some of their instructions for running code relate to a command line environment that's a bit different from the default one you install following the Rosalind instructions. It won't affect the programs, just the way they are run or how you specific where files are located.) However, if you've never programmed Python before, definitely check this out!!!

Syllabus & course outline

Course syllabus

An introduction to systems biology and bioinformatics, emphasizing quantitative analysis of high-throughput biological data, and covering typical data, data analysis, and computer algorithms. Topics will include introductory probability and statistics, basics of Python programming, protein and nucleic acid sequence analysis, genome sequencing and assembly, proteomics, synthetic biology, analysis of large-scale gene expression data, data clustering, biological pattern recognition, and gene and protein networks.

Open to graduate students and upper division undergrads (with permission) in natural sciences and engineering. Prerequisites: Basic familiarity with molecular biology, statistics & computing, but realistically, it is expected that students will have extremely varied backgrounds. Undergraduates have additional prerequisites, as listed in the catalog.

Note that this is not a course on practical sequence analysis or using web-based tools. Although we will use a number of these to help illustrate points, the focus of the course will be on learning the underlying algorithms and exploratory data analyses and their applications, esp. in high-throughput biology.

Most of the lectures will be from research articles and slides posted online, with some material from the...
Optional text (for sequence analysis): Biological sequence analysis, by R. Durbin, S. Eddy, A. Krogh, G. Mitchison (Cambridge University Press),

For biologists rusty on their stats, The Cartoon Guide to Statistics (Gonick/Smith) is very good. A reasonable online resource for beginners is Statistics Done Wrong.

Some online references:
An online bioinformatics course
Assorted bioinformatics resources on the web: Assorted links
Online probability texts: #1, #2, #3

No exams will be given. Grades will be based on online homework (counting 30% of the grade), 3 problem sets (given every 2-3 weeks and counting 15% each towards the final grade) and an independent course project (25% of final grade). The course project will consist of a research project on a bioinformatics topic chosen by the student (with approval by the instructor) containing an element of independent computational biology research (e.g. calculation, programming, database analysis, etc.). This will be turned in as a link to a web page. The final project is due by midnight, April 27, 2020. The last 2.5 classes will be spent presenting your projects to each other. (The presentation will account for 5/25 points for the project.)

Online homework will be assigned and evaluated using the free bioinformatics web resource Rosalind.

All projects and homework will be turned in electronically and time-stamped. No makeup work will be given. Instead, all students have 5 days of free “late time” (for the entire semester, NOT per project, and counting weekends/holidays). For projects turned in late, days will be deducted from the 5 day total (or what remains of it) by the number of days late (in 1 day increments, rounding up, i.e. 10 minutes late = 1 day deducted). Once the full 5 days have been used up, assignments will be penalized 10 percent per day late (rounding up), i.e., a 50 point assignment turned in 1.5 days late would be penalized 20%, or 10 points.

Homework, problem sets, and the project total to a possible 100 points. There will be no curving of grades, nor will grades be rounded up. We’ll use the plus/minus grading system, so: A= 92 and above, A-=90 to 91.99, etc. Just for clarity's sake, here are the cutoffs for the grades: 92% = A, 90% = A- < 92%, 88% = B+ < 90%, 82% = B < 88%, 80% = B- < 82%, 78% = C+ < 80%, 72% = C < 78%, 70% = C- < 72%, 68% = D+ < 70%, 62% = D < 68%, 60% = D- < 62%, F < 60%.

Students are welcome to discuss ideas and problems with each other, but all programs, Rosalind homework, problem sets, and written solutions should be performed independently . Students are expected to follow the UT honor code. Cheating, plagiarism, copying, & reuse of prior homework, projects, or programs from CourseHero, Github, or any other sources are all strictly forbidden and constitute breaches of academic integrity (UT academic integrity policy and Sec. 11–402. Academic Dishonesty) and cause for dismissal with a failing grade.

The final project web site is due by midnight April 27, 2020.